ASTM B 234M-1995 冷凝器及热交换器用拉制铝和铝合金无缝管(米制)
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【英文标准名称】:AluminumandAluminum-AlloyDrawnSeamlessTubesforCondensersandHeatExchangers(Metric)
【原文标准名称】:冷凝器及热交换器用拉制铝和铝合金无缝管(米制)
【标准号】:ASTMB234M-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电容器;冷凝器;铝;米制的;管;热交换器;蒸汽冷凝器;铝合金;合金;有色金属
【英文主题词】:aluminium;pipes;heatexchangers;steamcondensers;capacitors;non-ferrousmetals;metric;aluminiumalloys;alloys;condensers
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H61
【国际标准分类号】:77_120_10
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:冷凝器及热交换器用拉制铝和铝合金无缝管(米制)
【标准号】:ASTMB234M-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电容器;冷凝器;铝;米制的;管;热交换器;蒸汽冷凝器;铝合金;合金;有色金属
【英文主题词】:aluminium;pipes;heatexchangers;steamcondensers;capacitors;non-ferrousmetals;metric;aluminiumalloys;alloys;condensers
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H61
【国际标准分类号】:77_120_10
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforBloodIrradiationDosimetry
【原文标准名称】:血液辐射剂量测定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51939-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;absorbed-dosemapping;bloodproducts;bloodirradiation;dosimeter;dosimetrysystem;irradiator;ionizingradiation;measurementqualityassuranceplan;measurementuncertainty;radiation-sensitiveindicators;reference-standarddosimeter
【摘要】:4.1Theassurancethatbloodandbloodcomponentshavebeenproperlyirradiatedisofcrucialimportanceforpatienthealth.Theirradiatoroperatormustdemonstratebymeansofaccurateabsorbed-dosemeasurementsontheproduct,orinsimulatedproduct,thatthespecifiedabsorbeddosehasbeenachievedthroughouttheproduct.4.2Bloodandbloodcomponentsareirradiatedatpredetermineddosestoinactivateviablelymphocytestohelppreventtransfusion-inducedgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)incertainimmunocompromisedpatientsandthosereceivingrelated-donorproducts(1,2).64.3Bloodandbloodcomponentsmaybetreatedwithionizingradiation,suchasgammaraysfrom137Csor60Cosources,andfromself-containedX-ray(bremsstrahlung)unitsandmedicallinearX-ray(bremsstrahlung)andelectronacceleratorsusedprimarilyforradiotherapy.4.3.1Theterms"gammarays"and"gammaradiation"areusedinterchangeably,asaretheterms"X-ray"and"Xradiation."4.4Bloodirradiationspecificationsincludealowerlimitofabsorbeddose,andmayincludeanupperlimitorcentraltargetdose.Foragivenapplication,anyofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbyregulationsthathavebeenestablishedonthebasisofavailablescientificdata.See2.4.4.5Foreachbloodirradiator,anabsorbed-doserateatareferencepositionwithinthecanisterismeasuredbythemanufactureraspartofacceptancetestingusingareferencestandarddosimetrysystem.Thatreference-standardmeasurementisusedtocalculatethetimersettingrequiredtodeliverthespecifiedabsorbeddosetothecenterofthecanisterwithbloodandbloodcomponents,orotherreferenceposition.Eitherrelativeorabsoluteabsorbed-dosemeasurementsareperformedwithintheblood-orblood-equivalentvolumefordeterminingtheabsorbed-dosedistribution.Accurateradiationdosimetryatareferencepositionwhichcouldbethepositionofthemaximumabsorbeddose(Dmax)orminimumabsorbeddose(Dmin)offersaquantitative,independentmethodtomonitortheradiationprocess.4.6Dosimetryispartofameasurementqualityassuranceprogramthatisappliedtoensurethattheradiationprocessmeetspredeterminedspecifications(3).4.7Absorbed-dosemappingisoftenperformedusingsimulatedproduct(forexample,polystyreneisconsideredbloodequivalentfor137Csphotonenergies).4.8Bloodandbloodcomponentsareusuallychilledorfrozen.Careshouldbetaken,therefore,toensurethatthedosimetersandradiation-sensitiveindicatorscanbeusedundersuchtemperatureconditions.4.9Properdocumentationandrecordkeepingarecriticalcomponentsofradiationprocessing.Thisstandarddoesnotaddressthisissuesincethepertinentgoverningbodiessetminimumrequirements.4.10Mostdosimetershavesignificantenergydependenceatphotonandelectronenergieslessthan100keV,sogreatcaremustbeexercisedwhenmeasuringabsorbeddoseinthatenergyrange.1.1Thispracticeoutlinesirradiatorinstallationqualification,operationalqualification,performancequalification,androutineproductprocessingdosimetricprocedurestobefollowedintheirradiationofbloodandbloodcomponentsbytheblood-bankingcommunity.Iffollowed,theseprocedureswillhelptoensurethattheproductsprocessedwithionizingradiationfromgamma,X-rays(bremsstrahlung),orelectronsourcesreceiveabsorbeddoseswithinapredeterminedrange.1.2Thispracticecoversdosimetryfortheirradiationofbloodforthesetypesofirradiators:self-containedirradiators(free-standingirradiators)utilizing137Cs,60CoorX-rays(bremsstrahlung),teletherapyunits,andelectronaccelerators.Theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationistypically15Gyto50Gy.Insomejurisdictions,theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationis25Gyto50Gy.1......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Toolsforpressing-Compressionspringswithrectangularsection-Housingdimensionsandcolourcoding
【原文标准名称】:冲压工具.矩形截面压缩弹簧.机架尺寸和颜色编码
【标准号】:ISO10243-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2010-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC29
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:装配尺寸;轴承箱;色码;压缩弹簧;尺寸;编码;羽毛;自由空间;作标记;安装;压力设备;金属的压力加工;压力机;压力;评定;盘簧;弹力;弹力率;弹簧钢丝;弹簧;方形线材;公差(测量);工具
【英文主题词】:Assemblydimensions;Bearinghousings;Colourcodes;Compressionsprings;Dimensions;Encoding;Feathers;Freespaces;Housings;Marking;Mounting;Presstools;Pressworkingsofmetals;Presses;Pressure;Ratings;Specifications;Spiralsprings;Springpower;Springrate;Springsteelwires;Springs;Squarewires;Tables(data);Tolerances(measurement);Tools
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardestablishesthetechnicalspecificationsforcompressionspringsmadefromrectangularwires.TheparameterssetinthisInternationalStandardareapplicabletospringswhichareset.ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotattempttospecifythequalityofthespringsthemselves,noralloftheirdimensions(e.g.cross-section),theirmaterialortheirlengthoflife.Thespringsareclassifiedintospringrates:light,medium,strongandextrastrong.Foreachspringrate,thisInternationalStandardgivesacolourcode.
【中国标准分类号】:J62
【国际标准分类号】:01_070;25_120_10
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:血液辐射剂量测定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51939-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;absorbed-dosemapping;bloodproducts;bloodirradiation;dosimeter;dosimetrysystem;irradiator;ionizingradiation;measurementqualityassuranceplan;measurementuncertainty;radiation-sensitiveindicators;reference-standarddosimeter
【摘要】:4.1Theassurancethatbloodandbloodcomponentshavebeenproperlyirradiatedisofcrucialimportanceforpatienthealth.Theirradiatoroperatormustdemonstratebymeansofaccurateabsorbed-dosemeasurementsontheproduct,orinsimulatedproduct,thatthespecifiedabsorbeddosehasbeenachievedthroughouttheproduct.4.2Bloodandbloodcomponentsareirradiatedatpredetermineddosestoinactivateviablelymphocytestohelppreventtransfusion-inducedgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)incertainimmunocompromisedpatientsandthosereceivingrelated-donorproducts(1,2).64.3Bloodandbloodcomponentsmaybetreatedwithionizingradiation,suchasgammaraysfrom137Csor60Cosources,andfromself-containedX-ray(bremsstrahlung)unitsandmedicallinearX-ray(bremsstrahlung)andelectronacceleratorsusedprimarilyforradiotherapy.4.3.1Theterms"gammarays"and"gammaradiation"areusedinterchangeably,asaretheterms"X-ray"and"Xradiation."4.4Bloodirradiationspecificationsincludealowerlimitofabsorbeddose,andmayincludeanupperlimitorcentraltargetdose.Foragivenapplication,anyofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbyregulationsthathavebeenestablishedonthebasisofavailablescientificdata.See2.4.4.5Foreachbloodirradiator,anabsorbed-doserateatareferencepositionwithinthecanisterismeasuredbythemanufactureraspartofacceptancetestingusingareferencestandarddosimetrysystem.Thatreference-standardmeasurementisusedtocalculatethetimersettingrequiredtodeliverthespecifiedabsorbeddosetothecenterofthecanisterwithbloodandbloodcomponents,orotherreferenceposition.Eitherrelativeorabsoluteabsorbed-dosemeasurementsareperformedwithintheblood-orblood-equivalentvolumefordeterminingtheabsorbed-dosedistribution.Accurateradiationdosimetryatareferencepositionwhichcouldbethepositionofthemaximumabsorbeddose(Dmax)orminimumabsorbeddose(Dmin)offersaquantitative,independentmethodtomonitortheradiationprocess.4.6Dosimetryispartofameasurementqualityassuranceprogramthatisappliedtoensurethattheradiationprocessmeetspredeterminedspecifications(3).4.7Absorbed-dosemappingisoftenperformedusingsimulatedproduct(forexample,polystyreneisconsideredbloodequivalentfor137Csphotonenergies).4.8Bloodandbloodcomponentsareusuallychilledorfrozen.Careshouldbetaken,therefore,toensurethatthedosimetersandradiation-sensitiveindicatorscanbeusedundersuchtemperatureconditions.4.9Properdocumentationandrecordkeepingarecriticalcomponentsofradiationprocessing.Thisstandarddoesnotaddressthisissuesincethepertinentgoverningbodiessetminimumrequirements.4.10Mostdosimetershavesignificantenergydependenceatphotonandelectronenergieslessthan100keV,sogreatcaremustbeexercisedwhenmeasuringabsorbeddoseinthatenergyrange.1.1Thispracticeoutlinesirradiatorinstallationqualification,operationalqualification,performancequalification,androutineproductprocessingdosimetricprocedurestobefollowedintheirradiationofbloodandbloodcomponentsbytheblood-bankingcommunity.Iffollowed,theseprocedureswillhelptoensurethattheproductsprocessedwithionizingradiationfromgamma,X-rays(bremsstrahlung),orelectronsourcesreceiveabsorbeddoseswithinapredeterminedrange.1.2Thispracticecoversdosimetryfortheirradiationofbloodforthesetypesofirradiators:self-containedirradiators(free-standingirradiators)utilizing137Cs,60CoorX-rays(bremsstrahlung),teletherapyunits,andelectronaccelerators.Theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationistypically15Gyto50Gy.Insomejurisdictions,theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationis25Gyto50Gy.1......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Toolsforpressing-Compressionspringswithrectangularsection-Housingdimensionsandcolourcoding
【原文标准名称】:冲压工具.矩形截面压缩弹簧.机架尺寸和颜色编码
【标准号】:ISO10243-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2010-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC29
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:装配尺寸;轴承箱;色码;压缩弹簧;尺寸;编码;羽毛;自由空间;作标记;安装;压力设备;金属的压力加工;压力机;压力;评定;盘簧;弹力;弹力率;弹簧钢丝;弹簧;方形线材;公差(测量);工具
【英文主题词】:Assemblydimensions;Bearinghousings;Colourcodes;Compressionsprings;Dimensions;Encoding;Feathers;Freespaces;Housings;Marking;Mounting;Presstools;Pressworkingsofmetals;Presses;Pressure;Ratings;Specifications;Spiralsprings;Springpower;Springrate;Springsteelwires;Springs;Squarewires;Tables(data);Tolerances(measurement);Tools
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardestablishesthetechnicalspecificationsforcompressionspringsmadefromrectangularwires.TheparameterssetinthisInternationalStandardareapplicabletospringswhichareset.ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotattempttospecifythequalityofthespringsthemselves,noralloftheirdimensions(e.g.cross-section),theirmaterialortheirlengthoflife.Thespringsareclassifiedintospringrates:light,medium,strongandextrastrong.Foreachspringrate,thisInternationalStandardgivesacolourcode.
【中国标准分类号】:J62
【国际标准分类号】:01_070;25_120_10
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语